Invertebrates or A Vertebrata (1)

Phylum: Arthropoda dan Echinodermata

Phylum : Mollusca

     Phylum : Coelenterata

                                       

         Phylum : Cnidarian

                                       

Protozoa The great  example of protozoa are bacteria  that live in soil,  wet sand, fresh or salt water. Most of them live in the blood plasma of vertebrate Many Protozoa are uninucleate, others are binucleate or multinucleate, and the number of nuclei also may  vary at different stages in a life cycle. Protozoa range in size from 1 to 106 micrometers.  Protozoa have not developed tissues and organs. Many protozoa cause disease in human and animal: Samples of protozoa: Plasmodium causes malaria, Amoeba cause amoebic dysentery Echinoderm Echinoderms are living in the sea from down to the bottom cold or tropical seas. Echinoderms are characterized by radial symmetry, several arms (5 or more). They have no heart, brain, nor eyes, but some brittle stars seem to have light sensitive parts on their arms. Echinoderms have tentacle-like structures called tube feet with suction  There are 5 classes of Echinodermata (the Latin name means "spiny-skinned"). 1.      Sea star or starfish (Asteroidea), 2.      Brittle stars , serpent stars, basket stars (Ophiuroidea) 3.      Sea urchins, heart urchins and sand dollars (Echinoidea) 4.      Holothurians or sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) 5.      Feather stars and sea lilies (Crinoidea). Arthropods The arthropods are the most numerous of the animal phyla, including nearly one million known species (and more are being discovered all of the time!) Arthropods  are found in almost all habitats.. All arthropods are characterized by: 1.      Exoskeleton ; Presence of chitinous body covering 2.      Segmented body 3.      jointed  legs /appendages 4.      Cold blooded The arthropods are oviparous in nature so they lay eggs exception  is the scorpion. Anthropoda is divided into 5 Classes: Crustacea, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, insects and Arachnida 1.      Crustacea: Most crustaceans are free-living aquatic animals, but some are terrestrial (e.g. woodlice), some are parasitic (e.g. Rhizocephala, fish lice, tongue worms)   Crustaceans are produced for human consumption( shrimp, prawns, Krill and copepods 2.      Chilopoda/Diplopoda : Chilopoda can usually be found living under rocks, logs or the bark of trees or in soil or leaf litter. Many species are common around human dwellings : garden,  houses like centipede and millipede 3.   Crustacea: Most crustaceans are free-living aquatic animals, but some are terrestrial (e.g. woodlice), some are parasitic (e.g. Rhizocephala, fish lice, tongue worms)   Crustaceans are produced for human consumption( shrimp, prawns, Krill and copepods 4.   Chilopoda/Diplopoda : Chilopoda can usually be found living under rocks, logs or the bark of trees or in soil or leaf litter. Many species are common around human dwellings : garden,  houses like centipede and millipede 5.     Insects : The key characteristics of insects include: a)   three main body parts b)   three pairs of legs c)   two pairs of wings d)   compounds eyes e)   metamorphosis f)    complex mouth parts g)   one pair of antennae h)   small body size examples: earwigs, fleas, mantids, mayflies,  moths and butterflies,  dragonfly etc 6.     Arachnida: The key characteristics of insects include: a)   Body segmentation - usually consisting of a head, thorax, and abdomen b)   Jointed appendages c)   A firm but flexible exoskeleton d)   An open circulatory system - blood is free-flowing in the body, not contained in vessels e)   Specialized appendages - including claws (crustaceans) or wings (insects) examples:  spiders, scorpions, harvestmen, ticks, mites, and solifuges.

.