Digestive System

Mouth/ Bucal Cavity : Teeth    :   the function is to break down the food mechanically into small pieces Tounge :   the function are to move the food  up and down or to all directions and to distinguish taste of food such as sweet , bitter sour etc. Saliva   :   the function of saliva are to soften the food and to breakdown  carbohydrate into  sugar Esophagus :   When a person swallows, food pushes into the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach.  Esophagus is a foof passages  from mouth to stomach. Stomach. The stomach stores swallowed food and liquid, mixes the food and liquid with digestive juice it produces, and slowly empties its contents.  The stomach have stomach juice and Hydrochloric acid  (HCL), this acetic juice has two functions : to kill  bacterias  and to brake down the protein.  Small intestine. The muscles of the small intestine mix food with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine and push the mixture forward to help with further digestion. The walls of the small intestine absorb the digested nutrients into the bloodstream. The blood delivers the nutrients to the rest of the body. Large intestine. The waste products of the digestive process include undigested parts of food. Muscles push these waste products into the large intestine. The large intestine absorbs water and salts any remaining nutrients and changes the waste from liquid into stool. The rectum stores stool until it pushes stool out of the body during a bowel movement. Pancreas. The pancreas produces a juice containing several enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxy-peptidase) that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in food. The pancreas delivers digestive juice to the small intestine through small tubes called ducts. Liver. The liver produces a digestive juice called bile that stores at the gallbladder. The bile acid help our body to digest /dissolve fat.  Pharyngitis Inflammatory illness of the mucous membranes and underlying structures of the throat (pharynx). Inflammation usually involves the nasopharynx, uvula, soft palate, and tonsil s. The illness can be caused by bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas, fungi, and parasites and by recognized diseases of uncertain causes. Infection by Streptococcus bacteria  Laryngitis Inflammation of the larynx or voice box, caused by chemical or mechanical irritation or bacterial infection. Laryngitis is classified as simple, diphtheritic, tuberculous, or syphilitic laryngitis. Simple laryngitis is usually associated with the common cold or similar infections. Nonbacterial agents such as chlorine gas, steam, or sulfur dioxide can. Gastritis Acute or chronic inflammation of the mucosal layers of the stomach. Acute gastritis may be caused by excessive intake of alcohol, ingestion of irritating drugs, food poisoning, and infectious diseases. The chief symptoms are severe upper-abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, thirst, and diarrhea; the illness develops suddenly and subsides. Vomiting The forcible ejection of stomach contents from the mouth. Like nausea, vomiting may have a wide range of causes, including motion sickness, the use of certain drugs, intestinal obstruction, disease or disorder of the inner ear, injury to the head, and appendicitis. It may even occur without nausea, such as after extreme physical exertion. Vomiting Dysentery Infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the intestine, abdominal pain, and diarrhea with stools that often contain blood and mucus. There are two major classifications of dysentery: bacillary and amebic, caused respectively by bacteria and by amoebas. Bacillary dysentery, or shigellosis, is caused by bacilli of the genus Shigella. Symptomatically Hernia Protrusion of an organ or tissue from its normal cavity. The protrusion may extend outside the body or between cavities within the body, as when loops of intestine escape from the abdominal cavity Ulcerative colitis Inflammation of the large intestine (colon), especially of its mucous membranes, characterized by patches of tiny ulcers in the inflamed membranes’. The most common symptoms of ulcerative colitis are bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. Other symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, and loss of appetite. Ulcerative colitis tends to become chronic, with.                               Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver that results from a variety of causes, both infectious and noninfectious. Infectious agents that cause hepatitis include viruses and parasites; noninfectious substances include certain drugs and toxic agents. In some instances hepatitis results from an autoimmune reaction directed against the liver cells of the body.  Cholera      An acute infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and characterized by extreme diarrhea with rapid and severe depletion of body fluids and salts. Cholera has often risen to epidemic proportions in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, particularly in India and Bangladesh Diarrhea Abnormally swift passage of waste material through the large intestine, with consequent discharge of loose feces from the anus. Diarrhea may be accompanied by cramping. The disorder has a wide range of causes. It may, for example, result from bacterial or viral infection; from dysentery, either amoebic or bacillary; from impaired absorption of nutrients Constipation Delayed passage of waste through the lower portion of the large intestine, with the possible discharge of relatively dry, hardened feces from the anus. Among the causes cited for the disorder are lack of regularity in one’s eating habits, spasms of the large intestine, metabolic diseases such as hypothyroidism or diabetes mellitus, neurological disorders...